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French submarine ''Joule'' (Q84) was a Laubeuf type submarine〔Jane p199〕 of the ''Brumaire'' class, built for the French Navy prior to World War I.〔Conway p209〕 ==Design and construction== ''Joule'' was ordered by the French Navy as part of its 1906 progrmame and was laid down at the Toulon Naval Yard in November of that year. Work progressed slowly, and she was not launched until 7 September 1911. She was commissioned on 10 May 1912. ''Joule'' was equipped with licence-built M.A.N. diesel engines for surface propulsion, and electric motors for power while submerged. She carried eight torpedoes, two internally and six externally.〔 ''Joule'' was named for James Prescott Joule, the 19th century British physicist.〔Castel〕 ==Service history== At the outbreak of the First World War ''Joule'' was part of the French Mediterranean Fleet. In the spring of 1915 she was dispached as part of a French task force to assist in the naval assault on the Dardanelles, the first stage of the Gallipoli campaign. At the end of April, under the command of Lt. L Aubert Dupetit-Thouars, ''Joule'' began an attempt to penetrate the straits in order to attack Turkish shipping in the Sea of Marmara. However, on 1 May 1915 all contact was lost. It was later established ''Joule'' ran into a Turkish minefield, struck a mine, and was sunk. All 31 of her crew were lost.〔〔 ==Notes== ==References== * Gardiner R, Gray R: ''Conway’s All the World’s Fighting Ships 1906-1921'' (1985) ISBN 085177 245 5 * Moore, J: ''Jane’s Fighting Ships of World War I'' (1919, reprinted 2003) ISBN 1 85170 378 0 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「French submarine Joule (Q84)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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